Inpatient falls is a complicated occurrence primary to nursing (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019).

Linking a theoretical framework to inpatient falls is crucial to understand the older adult's perspective and aid self-management (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019).

Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCNDT) is a grand theory related to global nursing phenomena by outlining what nursing is and who requires nursing (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019). The SCNDT comprises the theory of self-care, the theory of self-care deficit, and nursing systems theory. These middle-range theories have defined concepts, approaches, and empirical indicators basal for nursing research and practice (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019). The individual's self-care system is the executed actions that control normal life development and functioning. When confronted with an illness, new self-care demands emerge, and if the individual fails to meet the self-care demands, they unfold self-care deficits with the individual needing nursing care (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019). Orem's SCNDT can relate to inpatient falls, as being at risk for falling is a self-care demand, and the failure to manage one's own fall risk is a self-care deficit. However, the SCNDT does not concentrate on the individual's health beliefs and possible hurdles that prevent the older adult from acknowledging a self-care deficit. Thus, the SCNDT is not well-matched for inspecting falling in the hospital (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019).

Meanwhile, the Health Belief Model (HBM) was formulated in the 1950s, trying to recognize why people avoided screenings and preventative health strategies for detecting asymptomatic disease (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019). Social psychologists made the HBM deductively from learning theories and inductively from practical public health concerns (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019). The central concepts are focused on the individual's perception of an illness threat and what initiates an action or not towards an illness threat.

Perceived susceptibility is recognized as the individual's affirmation of susceptibility to a condition extending from denial to fear of contracting the illness. Perceived severity is the individual's beliefs about the seriousness of the disease (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019). Perceived benefits cite the individual's affirmation of their susceptibility and benefits from actions, like medical treatment (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019). Meanwhile, perceived barriers are the likely negative aspects of health action, like embarrassment or unpleasant side-effects. The barriers can be clashing and incite avoidance (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019). Indications to action are the internal and external triggers that affect decision-making, while self-efficacy is the individual's sensed ability to perform an intended move in the disease process (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019).

The HBM relates to the phenomenon of falling in the hospital, as the model is not restricted to preventative behavior or chronic illness (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019). The HBM can seize the wide range of emotions and reactions linked with falling or being at risk for falling in the hospital. The model relates to older hospitalized adults who may not yet understand or accept their susceptibility to falling out of acute illness (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019). The HBM also applies to hospitalized older adults who are afraid of falling, understand their own fall risk, and contemplate perceived barriers and benefits linked with fall prevention (Dolan & Taylor-Piliae, 2019).

According to Ott (2018), the HBM eases creating an educational program aiding fall reduction lifestyle changes. Different components of the HBM include clients' points of view when reviewing frequency, severity, and perceived risk factors of falls. Additionally, likely benefits and recognized barriers to fall prevention interventions are ascertained (Ott, 2018). A correction in health behaviors happens by the patient's perceptions of susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, and barriers to a behavior (Ott, 2018). The educational component is adapted to the individual recipients, carries possible outcomes, and encourages independence to raise compliance (Ott, 2018).

On speaking with my preceptor, she also said of using Health Belief Model to change patient behaviors successfully. Thus, we believe that HBM will also create the best results in my specific EBP intervention.

 References

 Dolan, H., & Taylor-Piliae, R. (2019). Selecting a theoretical framework to guide a research

study of older adults' perceptions and experiences of falling in the hospital. Applied Nursing Research, 47, 38-40. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2019.04.004

 Ott, L. D. (2018). The impact of implementing a fall prevention educational session for

community-dwelling physical therapy patients. NURSING OPEN, 5(4), 567-574. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/nop2.165