Only attempt when you are 100% sure and for any incorrect answer i will rate unhelpful

Given the rapid, evolving nature of this pandemic, there is a need for information about COVID-19, specifically how populations from low and middle income countries (LMICs) are preparing and dealing with it. The objective of this study is to conduct a mix of formative research activities from families, healthcare workers, and healthcare administrators across India to understand COVID-19 perspectives to inform message and content creation. Among families, the study aims at understanding the current COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, prevention behaviors, health seeking behaviors, attitude, and sources of information among the general population. This will help to design customised messages as per population needs. For healthcare workers and hospital administrators, understanding of their current preparation for COVID-19 and treatment and the current challenges will help policy makers and other researchers in India and other LMICS to help plan their response to this pandemic

1.     As per the case study above why did the USA government jailed Mc Jonathan.

2.     Is it true to conclude that Mc Jonathan was entitiled to the apartment being discussed in the case study provided together with the link below.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7548209ksbgs687be45fg77

 

3.     . Determine whether the inference below is true or false.

Fixing of minute fragments to enzymes results in response reticence.

 

4. Basically, _______ constriction is an instance of _______ regulation, where a restriction fragment _______ to a spot on an enzyme that is discrete from the _______ spot. What does the fixing of such inhibiting fragments modify?

5. . Determine whether the deduction below is valid or invalid concerning

6. Falsify the following.

The constriction polypeptides attach to the enzymes with covalent connections.

7. Identify and describe polypeptides whose events are regulated by covalent alterations.

8. To which side series do polypeptide kinases relocate phosphate units? Describe the entire mechanism.

9. The entire family of phosphatases are class specific in form as it is for kinases. Justify or falsify.

10. Falsify the following concerning amino acids, must be sourced from gene regulation.

Nitrosylation of arginine deposit.

11. Determine the count of subgroups present in cAMP-dependent protein kinase.Describe broadly cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

12.How many phases are involved in controlling enzyme activity? Describe the entire mechanism."

1. From the case study above, what do you think led to the incarnation of Mc Jonathan by the USA government?

 There is no specific person referred to as Mc Jonathan in this particular case study and there is no information that will make one to understand why this person would be jailed by the US government. It is impossible to give the right answer to this question as it is depends on the particularities of the given case. The link that have been provided in the query does not seem to be working or is misplaced somewhere.

 

 2. Was Mc Jonathan entitled to the apartment under consideration in the case study here and the link below?

 Once again, given the fact that the content of the link posted by Mc Jonathan is unknown it is not possible to determine if he was entitled to an apartment or not. The link you have shared is apparently a link to a PubMed article and it may not be actually about the housing entitlements. To find out whether that article has any relation to the case in the given instance – Mc Jonathan, it has to be read through.

 

 3. Determine whether the inference below is true or false: This is because when fragments are attached to enzymes, the response is not as high as when they are free.

 True. The binding or affiliation of small molecules which may include inhibitors or regulatory molecules to enzymes can lead to a decrease in the activity or what may be referred to as ‘response dampening’.

 

 4. In essence, _______ constriction is a form of _______ control in which an indicates molecule binds to a site on an enzyme that is distinct from the definite site. What does the fixing of such inhibiting fragments change?

 Answer: Allosteric constrictions is a subcategory of allosteric regulation whereby a fragment of DNA will bind to an enzyme at site which is not the active site of the particular enzyme in question.

 

 Explanation: Allosteric regulation is form of regulation that involves binding of molecules to enzyme in a site different from the enzyme’s active site and which is referred to as allosteric site. This binding can lead to changes in the orientation of active site of the enzyme which may either increase or decrease the activity of the enzyme.

 

 5. Determine whether the deduction below is valid or invalid concerning:Establish the validity or otherwise of the following deduction concerning:

 Therefore, without specific deduction provided one cannot be in a position to determine whether it is valid or invalid. May I have a deduction of the evaluation?

 

 6. Falsify the following: The constriction polypeptides are linked to the enzyme with the help of covalent bond.

 False. Constriction or inhibition polypeptides (these are often allosteric inhibitors) typically bind to enzymes in a non-covalent way; this may be through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions or van der Waals’ forces. Phosphorylation and other covalent modifications are frequently employed in the control or alteration of enzymes, but not in the basic inhibition.

 

 7. Enumerate and describe some of the polypeptides that have events regulated by covalent modifications.

 Answer: Some of the polypeptides which are regulated by covalent modifications are include:

 

 Protein Kinases: These enzymes are controlled by the action of phosphate groups in a process known as phosphorylation in which phosphate groups are added to the enzyme. It is a covalent modification of the kinase and can either enhance or reduce the enzymatic activity of the kinase.

 Phosphatases: These enzymes have the function of dephosphorylation, they remove phosphate groups from proteins and as it is known phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is one of the most essential mechanisms for regulation of proteins activity.

 Explanation: Post-translational modifications consist of covalent modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation, which alter the function, half-life or compartmentalisation of the protein.

 

 8. In which side series of polypeptide kinases do the phosphate groups transfer? Describe the entire mechanism.

 Answer: Polypeptide kinases are enzymes that catalyse the transfer of phosphate groups to the hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine or tyrosine of the target proteins.

 

 Mechanism:

 

 Activation: This enzyme is a kinase enzyme that comes into contact with its target protein.

 Phosphorylation: The kinase catalyses the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine or tyrosine of the substrate protein.

 Conformational Change: When a protein is phosphorylated, it undergoes conformational change which enables the protein to function or not function as initial.

 Termination: Phosphorylation can be removed by the action of phosphatases which cleave the phosphate group from the protein.

 9. The whole family of phosphatases is also form specific as is the case with kinases. Justify or falsify.

 False. The family of phosphatases is not as form-specific for class as kinases are. Despite the fact that kinases are classified into subfamilies according to their substrate preference (kinases of serine and/or threonine vs. kinases of tyrosine), phosphatases are somewhat different. Phosphatases can be classified into a number of types (for example, serine/threonine phosphatases, tyrosine phosphatases) that have different three-dimensional structures and mechanisms of action.

 

 10. Falsify the following concerning amino acids, must be sourced from gene regulation: The reduction of nitrosylated arginine.

 False. Nitrosylation is a PTM in which a nitroso group is added to cysteine residue and not to arginine. This modification changes the protein and can be reversible, and can be regulated by cellular processes but does not include or affect the changes in gene expression.

 

 11. In order to determine the number of subgroups present in cAMP-dependent protein kinase. What is cAMP-dependent protein kinase?

 Answer: cAMP dependent protein kinase (Protein Kinase A or PKA) is a four subunit enzyme of which two are regulatory subunits and the other two are catalytic subunits. The above subunits are organized in a tetrameric form.

 

 Description:

 

 Structure: The R subunits have cAMP which on binding leads to the exit of the inactive C subunits.

 Function: When they are released, the C subunits phosphorylate serine and threonine residue of the target protein and involve in many cellular processes such as metabolism, gene expression, cell growth, etc.

 12. What are the levels of control of enzyme activity? Describe the entire mechanism.

 Answer: There are two major ways of the regulation of enzyme activity:

 

 Allosteric Regulation: Here, the enzymes are regulated by molecules that bind to the sites that are not the active sites of the enzymes and this is referred as allosteric effectors. This binding results in the altering of the shape of the enzyme and can result in an increase or a decrease in the rate of the catalytic activity of the enzyme.

 

 Covalent Modification: It involves the attachment or the stripping off of chemical groups through the formation of covalent bonds for example phosphorylation or acetylation. These modifications alter the enzyme in a manner that it alters its shape or its flexibility.

 

 Mechanism:

 

 Allosteric Regulation: Allosteric effectors are those that cause a change in the conformation of the enzyme and hence the substrate and catalytic sites.

 Covalent Modification: Other enzymes modify enzymes by phosphorylation or dephosphorylation among other modifications. These changes can either act as an on or off switch to the enzymes and thus change the working of the enzyme.