Guide me please tutors.

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The current influenza (H1N1) pandemic has become a public health threat due to its associated morbidity and mortality. Among those at high risk for being infected with influenza (H1N1), healthcare workers have been identified as the priority group whose preparedness is a critical element in the response to the pandemic. In addition to patient care, HCWs are involved in public health education, epidemiological surveillance, quarantine management, fever clinics, staging facility operation, and more. Although the role of HCWs is important during emergencies such as a pandemic, not all healthcare workers are ready or prepared to work with infectious patients. For example, during the SARS outbreak, some healthcare workers in Taiwan escaped from hospital or resigned due to perceived shortage of facilities for handling patients with SARS. Since then, a number of studies have been conducted to explore the willingness of HCWs to work during influenza pandemics. These studies suggested that at the time of an epidemic, the potential levels of absenteeism could be as high as 16% in Hong Kong, 28% in Germany, 33% in Australia, 43% in Taiwan and 50% in UK. Potential absenteeism was most likely among nursing and ancillary workers and the major reported reasons were fear for themselves and their families' health and lack of protective equipment.

1.In extant is a single trait on ""character of amino acids"" that is invalid concerning  secondary protein configuration concerning steric sizes and complex interactions between residues, identify and discuss the trait.

2. Identify the enzyme of E. coli that initiates the mending of double stranded DNA breaks.

Mention and discuss the process involved during this process.

3. Take for instance, the vasa efferentia in the human reproductive system gets blocked, from what

point will the gametes fail to be transported?

4. What boosts spermatogenesis?

5. Why are testes situated in scrotal sacs in most mammals?

6. What is the other identity of ductus deferens?

7. What is Caput epididymis?

8.Why are testes safeguarded within the scrotal sac?

9. Identify and discuss briefly the coating of the testes.

10. Determine the identity of nutritive cells placed within seminiferous tubules?"

Invalid Trait Concerning Secondary Protein Configuration:These are as follows; This is an invalid trait concerning secondary protein conformation.

 Question: In the current database, one trait does not exist as far as the secondary protein configuration is concerned, steric sizes and interaction details of residues: label this trait and elaborate it.

 Answer: An invalid trait could be the bias that without prejudice to amino acid side chains also referred to as R-groups, they are not involved in formation of secondary protein structures such as alpha helices or beta sheets. Indeed, side chains play a great role, first, in providing stabilisation of a secondary structure through hydrogen bonding and then, through steric counterparts. For example, it is clearly understood that a bulky side chain may prevent the formation of alpha helix while at the same time specific side chains may favor the formation of the beta sheets.

 Enzyme for DNA Repair in E.  coli:The enzyme for DNA repair in E. coli:

 Question: Which enzyme of E. coli is synthetized when start to repair two-stranded DNA breaks? Describe or justify some form of process that has been done during this process.

 Answer: RecBCD enzyme plays a role in regulation of homologous recombination DNA repair pathway of E. coli with a specific role in repair if double stranded breaks. The process involves:

 RecBCD Complex: It identifies and communicates with the DNA Break.

 Helicase Activity: Draws out the DNA at the break.

 Nuclease Activity: Denatured and nicks the DNA to make both of them posses tails of single stranded DNA with out complementary base of the opposite strand.

 RecA Loading: It involves the use of RecA protein to work up the single-stranded DNA in a search for the homologous sequence to bring about recombination.

 Blocked Vasa Efferentia in the Human Reproductive System:Congenital Anomalies of Vasa Efferentia in the Human Reproductive System:

 Question: For example, in the human reproductive systems, the vasa efferentia becomes blocked at which point the gametes will not be transported?

 Answer: Failure to do this function is due to obstruction of vasa efferentia whereby the gametes cannot be transported from the testes to the epididymis. This blockage does not let sperm sample to penetrate epididymis where sperm gains maturity and is stored.

 Boosts Spermatogenesis:

 Question: What boosts spermatogenesis?

 Answer: Hormones …influencing sperm production, it has been revealed that the following aid spermatogenesis:

 Hormones: From the pituitary gland, it is possible to recognize follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone that have several functions in human body.

 Testosterone: Produced by leydig cells present in the testes or interstitial cells present in the second stages of the cords of the testes.

 Nutritional Support: This is the situation where such important nutrients as vitamin C, zinc and the rest are compromised either in terms of quantity or quality.

 Testes in Scrotal Sacs:

 Question: Why is this the case and what are the benefits of such a position most of mammal’s testes are in scrotal sacs?

 Answer: They are located in scrotal sacs in order to be in the temperature which is a couple of degree less than the rest of the body temperature. This lower temperature is essential in the production of sperms and particularly healthy sperms since spermatogenesis take place at a cooler temperature.

 Other Identity of Ductus Deferens:Additional hooding for ductus deferens:

 Question: What is the other name of ductus deferens ?

 Answer: The other structure is the vas deferens which is also referred to as the ductus deferens. It is an organ that transposes sperm from the epididymis to the ejactory duct.

 Caput Epididymis:

 Question: Caput epididymis:

 Answer: The caput epididymis is as a result the initial junction of entry of sperms from the testes into the epididymis. It is engaged during postnatal development of spermatogenic cells, and during the process of sperm maturation.

 Testes Safeguarded Within the Scrotal Sac:General Description: The testes are safeguarded within the scrotal sac so as to maintain a temperature about 2 ºC below that of the general body heat.

 Question: Why is testes protected in scrotal sac?

 Answer: The testes are located in a scrotal sac hence the environment they are in will always be cooler than the internal body temperature another factor that is healthy for the sperm count and sperm concentration. In addition it has protective function for the testes in the form of Scrotum.

 Coating of the Testes:

 Question: Briefly, explain what consists the covering of the testes and the role of this covering.

 Answer: The testes are surrounded by:

 Tunica Vaginalis: A seromuscular layer comprising two layers the parietal layer and the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis and playing the role of reducing friction between the testes and the scrotum.

 Tunica Albuginea: This is a connective tissue that surrounds the testes and then invades this tact thus forming partitions which are referred as septa therefore forming lobules.

 Nutritive Cells in Seminiferous Tubules:Sertoli cells of the Seminiferous Tubules:

 Question: Determine which type of nutritive cells are present in the location within the seminiferous tubules.

 Answer: These are common monotrophic nutritive cellsWithin the seminiferous tubule of the mammalian testis, they are termed Sertoli cells. They nourish developing spermatids, prescribe the arrangement on which new sperm cells may develop and dictate the number of these cells.