What should the culture and environment of safety look like when preparing and administering medications. Please include Refrences

Education of medical errors and safer practice in giving medications also needs to be created for a healthier setting in instructing nurses concerning medication errors prevention. Here’s a comprehensive overview of what such a culture and environment should look like, supported by references

 1. Standard Operating Procedures and Measures

 Clear Guidelines: Adopt and follow rational practices in compounding, dispensing, administering, and recording of drugs prescribed in the hospital. This involves the compliance to what is called the “Five Rights” of medication administration: the right patient, the right drug, the right dose, the right route and the right time.

 Regular Updates: Debate and revise the protocols frequent to reflect the best quality proof.

 Reference: ISMP. (2023). The Five Medication Rights. Retrieved from ISMP.

 2. Use of Technology

 Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE): Make use of EHRs and CPOE systems in order to minimize the possibility of errors, which stem from illegibility, misinterpretation, and drug interactions. These systems can give timely notification and cut the possibility of human mistakes.

 Barcoding Systems: Barcoding of medications should also be used to ensure that right medications are given to the right patient.

 Reference: Bates, David W, Gawande, A A Fundamental Review of the Evidence on Error Prevention and Reporting. Optimizing safety with the help of information technology. New Engl J Med 348:2526–2534, doi:10. 1056/NEJMoa041502 doi:10. 1056/NEJMsa020847.

 Reference: Tam, V. H. & Green, S. M. (2015) Effects of barcoding of medicines on medication safety. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 72(10), 834-840. doi:10. 2146/ajhp140630.

 3. Structures of open communication and reporting

 Non-Punitive Environment: Encourage staff reporting medication errors and near miss incidences without any repercussions of being penalized or demoted. Promote discussions to enable people to advance knowledge of why errors occur.

 Error Reporting Systems: Develop a properly coordinated and well functioning reporting and analysis system for medication errors and near miss occurrences.

 Reference: Reason, J. (2000). Human error: A review in a critical sense. Cambridge University Press.

 Reference: ISMP. (2020). Error Reporting and Learning. Retrieved from ISMP.

 4. Education and Training

 Ongoing Education: Update the staff for medication safety issues such as new drugs, technology and other safety measures frequently.

 Competency Assessments: Organise regular competency checks that enrollees are well-equipped and knowledgeable in the handling of medications and prevention of medication-related errors.

 Reference: C. P. Friedman & E. S. Berner( 2005). Promoting education and certification programs in the teaching of safety aspects in using technology specifically in the health-care field. Johns Hopkins University, School of Information Sciences and Technology / International Journal of Medical Informatics, 38(3), 165-171. doi:10. 1016/j. jbi. 2004. 12. 002.

 5. Environment and Workspace Design

 Safe Workspace Design: Take responsibility for the fact that the places where preparations for administering medication and administering them are well-ordered, clean and quiet. Design spaces in a way that will reduce the chances of making cross contaminations and mixing of concepts.

 Accessible Resources: Make it easy for students to find resources they need for medications, as well as protocols and emergency equipment.

 Reference: Carayon, Paim & Wetterneck, T. B (2011). Human factors and ergonomics in healthcare: Structure, content and possible further developments. 2008, in the edited volume Advances in Patient Safety and Medical Liability (Volume 3, pp. 189–204). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

 6. Patient Involvement

 Patient Education: Involving patients in their medication schedule which involves the explanation of the medication to the patients with the intention to inform them about the reason why it’s being prescribed, how it is to be taken, and any possible side effects.

 Verification: Remind patients to cross-check their current medications and report to the health providers if they realize they are taking the wrong ones or are suspect of them.

 Reference: Our project implies a better utilisation and understanding of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2014). Involving patient in their treatment. Retrieved from IHI.

 7. Leadership and Accountability

 Leadership Support: It is also important that the leaders in a given organization remain very supportive, and be ready to encourage individuals in embracing safety practices. They should set good practices, as well as extend some support or crusade for safer use of medication.

 Accountability: Promote identifiable staff members for specific aspects of medication administration and safety.

 Reference: Wears, R. L. , & Hollnagel, E. (2015, July). Resilient Health Care: Sustainability of the health care systems. CRC Press.

 Conclusion

 An organisational safety and culture of medication preparation and administration incorporate organisational protocol putting into use smart technology, excellent communication, education, safe environment physical design, patients’ involvement, leadership with accountability. All of these work in harmony to minimize potential medication mistakes and improve the safety of patients.

 References:

 D W Bates, and A A Gawande, “The Forgotten Science of Software,” Communicating, Education June 2003. Safety enhancement with the help of information technologies. New EnglJ Med, 348, 2526–2534.

 Carayon P and Wetterneck T B. Human factors and ergonomics in healthcare: Categorising information and its implications for the past, present and future. High reliability and patient safety organizations in Johnston: vol. 3 of Advances in patient safety and medical liability, pp. 189-204. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality < (n. d. ). second opinion-resources for health care professionals and patients.

 Friedman CP, Berner ES. Fifteen years of evaluating health information technology: A review of the literature on IT adoption. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2005; 74: 275–94. It is a method of raising the competency of healthcare professionals in the correct usage of technologies. J Biomed Inform. 2005 Jun;38(3):165-71.

 Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2014). Promoting patients’ involvement in the health care process. Retrieved from IHI.

 Society for the Promotion of Rational Use of Drugs. (2020). Error Reporting and Learning. Retrieved from ISMP.

 Tam, V. H. , & Green, S. M. The Basics of Medication Administration. In M. H. Henriksen, M. S. Peterson, & E. S. Norris (Eds. ), Physician Assistant Education Review. Effect of barcoding on medication administration. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 72(10), 834-840.

 Reason, J. (2000). Human error: A scholarly analysis. Cambridge University Press.

 Wears, R. L. & Hollnagel, E. (2015). Resilient Health Care: Addressing the vulnerability and the capability of health care systems to adapt and cope with marketing shocks. CRC Press.