Briefly discuss some of the percussion notes in the thorax, include its description and cause/s.

11. Resonant

   12. Flat

   13. Dull

   14. Hyperresonant

   15. Tympanic

  MATCHING TYPE.

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ANSWER DESCRIPTION TYPE OF BREATH SOUND 16. Musical, prolonged

A. Crackles {or rales) 17. Discontinuous B. Wheezes and rhonchi 18. Soft,

high pitched, very brief C. Fine crackles 19. Continuous D. Cour... Show more

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(Dalubhasaan ng Narsing) 30. Vesicular sounds E. May be caused by

inflammation of the respiratory mucosa or tension in the air passages from a

tumor or enlarged peribronchial lymph nodes Wheezes 31. Bron... Show more"

Having focused on individual freedoms andeach person’s choice of an occupation and workplace, Tom’s workconveyed an unexpected theme, percussion notes in the thorax.

 Resonant

 Description: A natural, bright and slightly bass tone.

 Cause: Usually sounded through healthy parenchyma where air is known to exist. It points to the fact that the lung parenchyma is clear of disease and there is no less or more than the proper amount of air therein.

 Flat

 Description: Its tone can best be described as high pitched, short and absolutely dull.

 Cause: Usually heard over parts of the chest wall that contains more solid tissue or fluids such as over the pleural effusion or a huge tumor. Thus, it silently pleuralizes that, in the present disease, there can be less air in the underlying tissue, which may hint at consolidation or a solid mass.

 Dull

 Description: A dulled sound, somewhat ‘ttemplar-like’.

 Cause: It is audible over regions of higher population, say a lung consolidation, eg pneumonia or fluid filled regions such as pleural effusion. It represents dilution in air content and increase in solid and or liquid phases of the substance in question.

 Hyperresonant

 Description: A deeper and more resonant sound than that of a bass drum.

 Cause: Is generally associated with the rise in the air content in the thoracic cavity caused by diseases and conditions such as pneumothorax or emphysema. That is considered as a sign of too much air in the lungs or the space between the lungs and their covering.

 Tympanic

 Description: It gives off a high pitch, hollow, empty sound, a bit close to a drum.

 Cause: Normally detected over zones that contain too much air, for example a massive pneumothorax or in the stomach as it is not normally encountered in thorax. It may also lie marked over regions of large, pathological gas bubbles.

 Matching Type: Breath Sounds

 Musical, prolonged

 Answer: B. Crackles and rales

 Description: Wheezes are musical, vocal sounds that are continuous, high pitched that are most commonly heard during expiration due to constriction of the air passages. Rhonchi are longer and more humming in character and may be auscultated throughout the respiratory cycle; these may signify obstructions or secretions.

 Discontinuous

 Answer: A. Crackles or rales

 Description: Wheezes are souond that is continuous and high pitched that is heard during spontaneous or forced expiration and is related to disease of airways, such as in asthma or bronchitis while crackles are inspiratory sounds that are brief and discontinuous that are usually heard in fluid or consolidation of the small airways or alveolar such as in heart failure or pneumonia.

 Soft, high-pitched, very brief

 Answer: C. Fine crackles

 Description: Wheeze is a continuous musical sound that is produced during the expiratory phase and is fine if it is high pitched and is heard during the inspection of the lungs, it is characteristic of fluid in the alveoli seen in pulmonary fibrosis.

 Continuous

 Answer: B WHEEZES AND RHONCHI

 Description: We have musical or prolonged sounds which are usually wheezes and low pitch sounds denoting secretions or obstruction which are known as rhonchi.

 Vesicular sounds

 Answer: E. Resonance may be due to inflammation of the respiratory mucosa, or to tension in the air passages due to tumor or to the presence of large peribronchial nodes.

 Description: Vesicular sounds are still vesicular which are deep, soft and low pitched best heard in the peripheral zones of lungs. It is related to normal lung air movement and it is best heard during inspiration.